Marisa Abrajano and Keith T. Poole
Issue and Thermometer Scaling Project
Updated 16 June 2008

References for Basic Space Scaling

  1. 1968 Election Study

    1. Aldrich-McKelvey of 1968 Vietnam and Urban Unrest Issue Scales:

      MCKALNEW.EXE -- Aldrich-McKelvey scaling program
    2. BlackBox (Transpose) Analysis of 1968 Feeling Thermometers

      BLACKBOX_TRANSPOSE.EXE -- The Basic Space Program for a Transposed Issue Scale
      BLACKBOX_TRANSPOSE_1968_THERMOMETERS.DAT looks like this
      NES1968.DAT
 DECOMPOSITION OF 1968 THERMOMETER SCALE
    4   12    2
   98   99     
(4X,I4,925X,12I2)
GEORGE WALLACE
HUBERT HUMPHREY
RICHARD NIXON
EUGENE MCCARTHY
RONALD REAGAN
NELSON ROCKEFELLER
LYNDON JOHNSON
GEORGE ROMNEY
ROBERT KENNEDY
ED MUSKIE
SPIRO AGNEW 
CURTIS LEMAY
    3. Unfolding Analysis of 1968 Thermometers

      MLSMU6.EXE -- Metric Unfolding Program
      The 1968 Election Data file contains the same variables that we used above plus the voting information for the respondents. The variables are:
      
idno           respondent id number
partyid        strength of party id -- 0 to 6
income         raw income category
incomeq        income quintile -- 1 to 5
race           0 = white, 1 = black
sex            0 = man, 1 = woman
south          0 = north, 1 = south
education      1=HS, 2=SC, 3=College
age            age in years
uulbj          lbj position urban unrest
uuhhh          humphrey pos urban unrest
uunixon        nixon position urban unrest
uuwallace      wallace pos urban unrest
uuself         self placement urban unrest
vnmlbj         lbj pos vietnam
vnmhhh         hhh pos vietnam
vnmnixon       nixon pos vietnam
vnmwallace     wallace pos vietnam
vnmself        self placement vietnam
voted          1=voted, 5=did not vote
votedfor       who voted for -- 1 = humphrey, 2= nixon, 3=wallace
wallace        wallace therm
humphrey       humphrey thermometer
nixon          nixon thermometer
mccarthy       mccarthy thermometer
reagan         reagan thermometer
rockefeller    rockefeller thermometer
lbj            lbj thermometer
romney         romney thermometer
kennedy        robert kennedy thermometer
muskie         muskie thermometer
agnew          agnew thermometer
lemay          "bombs away with Curtis LeMay" thermometer
      The control card file for the metric unfolding procedure is shown below. The first line has the name of the data file. The first number in the second line is the number of stimuli, the next two numbers are the minimum and maximum number of dimensions to estimate, and the "10" is the number of iterations.

      The third line contains some "antique" options we will never use. The only numbers that matter on this line are the "4" which indicates the number of identifying characters to read off each line of the data file (e.g., the respondent id number), and the "2" at the end. This is the number of missing data codes which appear in the sixth line.

      The first number in the fourth line is a tolerance value -- leave it as is. The next three numbers are parameters to transform the input data into squared distances. In this case, let amx=-.02, bmx=2.0, and cmx=2.0. The following equation transforms the thermometers into squared distances:

      d2 = (amx*t+bmx)cmx

      where t = input data. This formula takes a linear transformation of the input data to the power cmx. With amx = -.02, bmx = 2.0, and cmx = 2.0, this is equivalent to subtracting the thermometer score from 100, dividing by 50, and then squaring. This converts t from a 0-100 scale to a 4-0 scale. If the data, t, are distances, set amx = 1.0, bmx = 0.0, and cmx = 2.0. If the data are correlations, set amx = -1.0, bmx = 1.0, and cmx=2.0 or 1.0 if the correlations are initially regarded as unsquared or squared distances respectively.

      The next value, "1.5", is the maximum absolute expected coordinate value on any dimension. It is used for plotting purposes. If the squared distances are confined to a 4-0 scale, xmax=1.5 is usually sufficient. The last two numbers, "0.0" and "100.0", are the minimum and maximum expected values of the input data. These are used to catch coding errors in the input data. Anything out of range is treated as missing data.

      The fifth line is the format of the data file and the sixth line contains the missing data codes.

      Finally, the last 12 lines are labels for the stimuli. 
      OLS68B.DAT
   12    2    2   10    0    0
    1    1    0    4    2
    .001  -0.02    2.0     2.0     1.5     0.0   100.0
(1X,4A1,60X,12F3.0)
 98 99
WALLACE
HUMPHREY
NIXON   
MCCARTHY
REAGAN
ROCKEFELLER
LBJ   
ROMNEY 
R.KENNEDY
MUSKIE   
AGNEW
LEMAY
  2. 1980 Election Study

    1. Black Box Analysis of 1980 Issue Scales:

      BLACKBOX.EXE -- The Basic Space Program
        BLACKBOX_NES1980.DAT -- Control Card File for Basic Space Program (Rename to BLACKBOX.DAT)
        NES1980.DAT -- NES 1980 Presidential Election Survey Data
        NES1980.CBK -- NES 1980 Presidential Election Survey Codebook
        OLS80_2008_NEW.DAT -- A subset of the NES 1980 Presidential Election Survey Containing some useful variables

      The control card file BLACKBOX_NES1980.DAT looks like this:
      NES1980.DAT
 DECOMPOSITION OF 14 1980 7-POINT SCALES
    3   14    4    8   Number Dimensions Estimated; Number of Issue Scales; Max. Number of Missing Data Values; Min. Number of Responses by Respondent
(8X,I4,527X,I1,13X,I1,11X,I1,11X,I1,11X,I1,13X,I1,1217X,I1,36X,I1,17X,I1,17X,I1,17X,I1,18X,I1,5X,I1,2X,I1)
LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE   Name of Issue Scale
    0    8    9        Missing Data Values
DEFENSE
    0    8    9
GOVT SERVICES
    0    8    9
INFLATION
    0    8    9
ABORTION
    0    7    8    9
TAX CUTS
    0    8    9
LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE
    0    8    9
GOVT HELP MINORITIES
    0    8    9
RUSSIA
    0    8    9
WOMENS EQUAL ROLE
    0    8    9
GOVT JOBS
    0    8    9
EQUAL RIGHTS AMEND
    0    8    9
BUSING
    0    8    9
ABORTION
    0    7    8    9
    2. Unfolding Analysis of 1980 Thermometers

  3. 1992 Election Study

    1. Black Box Analysis of 1992 Issue Scales:

      BLACKBOX.EXE -- The Basic Space Program
        BLACKBOX_NES1992.DAT -- Control Card File for Basic Space Program (rename to BLACKBOX.DAT)
        NES1992.DAT -- NES 1992 Presidential Election Survey Data
        NES1992.CBK -- NES 1992 Presidential Election Survey Codebook
        OLS92_2008_NEW.DAT -- A subset of the NES 1992 Presidential Election Survey Containing some useful variables

      The control card file BLACKBOX_NES.DAT looks like this:
      NES1992.DAT
 DECOMPOSITION OF 15 1992 SCALES
    4   15    5    8
(6X,I4,807X,I1,31X,2I1,6X,2I1,4X,I1,26X,I1,733X,I1,12X,I1,729X,I1,5X,I1,10X,I1,13X,I1,13X,I1,4X,I1)
LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE
    0    8    9
WOMENS EQUAL ROLE
    0    8    9
DEFENSE SPENDING
    0    8    9
GOVT JOBS/STND LIV
    0    8    9
GOVT HELP BLACKS
    0    8    9
GOVT PROVIDE SERVICES
    0    8    9
ABORTION
    0    6    7    8    9
LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE
    0    8    9
DEFENSE SPENDING
    0    8    9
GOVT PROVIDE SERVICES
    0    8    9
DEFENSE SPENDING
    0    8    9
GOVT JOBS/STND LIV
    0    8    9
ABORTION
    0    6    7    8    9
URBAN UNREST
    0    8    9
WOMENS EQUAL ROLE
    0    8    9
    2. Unfolding Analysis of 1992 Thermometers

  4. 1996 Election Study

    1. Aldrich-Mckelvey

      NES1996_NEW.DAT -- NES 1996 Presidential Election Survey Data
      NES1996_NEW.CBK -- NES 1996 Presidential Election Survey Codebook
      Subset of 1996 NES Data
      1996 Liberal-Conservative Control Card File

      Here are the first few lines of ELEC1996_CLASS_2003.DAT (Note that there are two lines for each respondent!):
      
     1001  3 18  1  1  0  3 38  1  1  3  40  40  35  41  41  50  25  10  35  41  50  50   1  10  55  20  40  40  40 4 2 6 7 2 5
                                         40  40  30  50  35  51  35  70  70  40  35  50  45  70  65  70  30  30  75  49  50  40
     1002  2 14  0  1  0  1 74  0  1  1  85  60  50  85  60  70  60  70   0  70  60  40   0  50  60  15  70  60  70 4 3 6 8 3 7
                                         85  60  50  85  70 100  85 100  85  70  70 998  70 100  70  85  60  70 100  85  70  60
     1003  1  8  0  0  1  1 30  1  5  0  70  60  60  70 997  60  50  70  50  50 997  50 997 997  50 997  85  60  60 0 4 5 6 5 5
                                         85  50  50  60  50  60  40  40  40  50  60  60  60  50  40  85  50  50  50  40  30  50
     1004  1 12  0  0  1  2 21  0  1  1  85  55  50  80 997  70  70  50  50  65  50  60 997 997  50 997  85  55  70 4 2 6 8 2 6
                                         70  40  40  70  70  85  70  85  85  60  70  70  70  70  60  85  70  85  85  85  50  85
     1005  3 21  0  1  0  3 24  1  1  2  30  85  40  50  60  60  40  40  60  60  50  70  30  50  60  50  50  60  50 4 1 6 4 2 6
                                         40  70  30  50  60  50  50  50  50  50  50  40  60  50  40  50  40  40  50  60  50  50
                                     etc etc etc
                                     etc etc etc
The variables, in order, are:

    RESPONDENT ID      = unique 8 digit number
    PARTY ID           = 0 to 6 -- 0 = Strong Democrat
                                   1 = Weak Democrat
                                   2 = Lean Democrat
                                   3 = Independent
                                   4 = Lean Republican
                                   5 = Weak Republican
                                   6 = Strong Republican
    FAMILY INCOME      = 1 to 24   1.    A. None or less than $2,999
                                   2.    B. $3,000-$4,999
                                   3.    C. $5,000-$6,999
                                   4.    D. $7,000-$8,999
                                   5.    E. $9,000-$9,999
                                   6.    F. $10,000-$10,999
                                   7.    G. $11,000-$11,999
                                   8.    H. $12,000-$12,999
                                   9.    J. $13,000-$13,999
                                  10.    K. $14,000-$14.999
                                  11.    M. $15,000-$16,999
                                  12.    N. $17,000-$19,999
                                  13.    P. $20,000-$21,999
                                  14.    Q. $22,000-$24,999
                                  15.    R. $25,000-$29,999
                                  16.    S. $30,000-$34,999
                                  17.    T. $35,000-$39,999
                                  18.    U. $40,000-$44,999
                                  19.    V. $45,000-$49,999
                                  20.    W. $50,000-$59,999
                                  21.    X. $60,000-$74,999
                                  22.    Z. $75,000-89,999
                                  23.    AA. $90,000-$104,999
                                  24.    BB. $105,000 and over
                            
    RACE               = 0 White, 1 Black
    SEX                = 0 Man, 1 Woman
    SOUTH              = 0 North, 1 South
    EDUCATION          = 1 High School or less, 2 Some College, 3 College
    AGE                = In Years
    MARRIED            = 0 Single, 1 Married
    VOTED              = 1 IF VOTED, 5= NOT VOTED, 0=NO POST ELECTION INTERVIEW
    VOTE CHOICE        = 0 NON-VOTER
                       = 1 CLINTON
                       = 2 DOLE
                       = 3 PEROT
                       = 7 OTHER
    FEELING THERMOMETERS   (0 TO 100) -- PRE-ELECTION

                       =  CLINTON
                       =  DOLE
                       =  PEROT
                       =  GORE
                       =  KEMP
                       =  HILLARY CLINTON
                       =  BUCHANAN
                       =  JACKSON, JESSE
                       =  GINGRICH
                       =  POWELL, COLIN
                       =  FORBES, STEVE
                       =  GRAMM, PHIL
                       =  FARRAKHAN
                       =  ALEXANDER, LAMAR
                       =  DOLE, ELIZABETH
                       =  ROBERTSON, PAT
                       =  DEMOCRATIC PARTY
                       =  REPUBLICAN PARTY
                       =  PARTIES IN GENERAL
    
    LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE  SCALE  (1=EXTREMELY LIBERAL, 2=LIBERAL, 3=SLIGHTLY LIBERAL,
                             4=MODERATE; MIDDLE OF THE ROAD, 5=SLIGHTLY CONSERVATIVE,
                             6=CONSERVATIVE, 7=EXTREMELY CONSERVATIVE)

                       = SELF-PLACEMENT
                       = CLINTON
                       = DOLE
                       = PEROT
                       = DEMOCRATIC PARTY
                       = REPUBLICAN PARTY

   ********************* Second Line **************************
    FEELING THERMOMETERS   (0 TO 100) -- POST-ELECTION

                       =  CLINTON
                       =  DOLE
                       =  PEROT
                       =  SUPREME COURT
                       =  CONGRESS     
                       =  THE MILITARY  
                       =  FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN WASHINGTON
                       =  BLACKS       
                       =  WHITES         
                       =  CONSERVATIVES
                       =  LIBERALS     
                       =  LABOR UNIONS 
                       =  BIG BUSINESS 
                       =  POOR PEOPLE  
                       =  PEOPLE ON WELFARE
                       =  HISPANICS    
                       =  CHRISTIAN FUNDAMENTALISTS
                       =  WOMEN'S MOVEMENT
                       =  OLDER PEOPLE 
                       =  ENVIRONMENTALISTS
                       =  GAY MEN AND LESBIANS
                       =  CHRISTIAN COALITION
    2. Black Box

    3. Unfolding Analysis of 1996 Thermometers

      UNFOLD_1996.CTL -- Control Card File for Metric Unfolding Program (rename to UNFOLD.CTL)

      This does just the candidates and major figures:
      ELEC1996_CLASS_2003.DAT
   19    2    2   10    0    0
    1    1    0    4    5
    .001  -0.02    2.0     2.0     1.5     0.0   100.0
(5X,4A1,30X,19F4.0/)
995996997998999
CLINTON
DOLE    
PEROT   
GORE    
KEMP  
HILLARY    
BUCHANAN 
JACKSON  
GINGRICH 
POWELL   
FORBES
GRAMM
FARRAKHAN
ALEXANDER
LIZDOLE
ROBERTSON
DEMPARTY
REPUBPARTY
PARTIES
      UNFOLD_1996_ALL.CTL -- Control Card File for Metric Unfolding Program (rename to unfold.ctl)

      This does candidates, major figures and the social groups:
      ELEC1996_CLASS_2003.DAT
   41    2    2   10    0    0
    1    1    0    4    5
    .001  -0.02    2.0     2.0     1.5     0.0   100.0
(5X,4A1,30X,19F4.0/39X,22F4.0)
995996997998999
CLINTON
DOLE    
PEROT   
GORE    
KEMP  
HILLARY    
BUCHANAN 
JACKSON  
GINGRICH 
POWELL   
FORBES
GRAMM
FARRAKHAN
ALEXANDER
LIZDOLE
ROBERTSON
DEMPARTY
REPUBPARTY
PARTIES
CLINTON2
DOLE2    
PEROT2   
SUPREMES
CONGRESS
MILITARY
FEDGOVTDC
BLACKS
WHITES
CONSERVATIVES
LIBERALS
LABOR_UNIONS
BIG_BIZ
POOR_PPL
WELFARE_PPL
HISPANICS
CHRISTIAN_F
WOMENS_MOV
OLD_PPL
TREE_HUG
GAY_PPL
CHRISTIAN_COAL
  5. 2000 Election Study

    1. Black Box

    2. Unfolding Analysis of 2000 Thermometers

      UNFOLD_2000.CTL -- Control Card File for Metric Unfolding Program (Rename to UNFOLD.CTL)
      NES2000.DAT -- NES 2000 Presidential Election Survey Data
      NES2000.CBK -- NES 2000 Presidential Election Survey Codebook
      ELEC2000.DAT -- 2000 Election Data

      Here are the first four lines of ELEC2000.DAT.
      
    10787  4  8  0  0  0  2 49  1   0  65  60  30  40  70  50 998 998  40  59  75  63  65  6  1  3  6  4  0  2
    21271  2  6  0  1  0  2 35  1  50  50  50  50 997  50   0  50 997  50 100   0 100   0  4  4  2  6  8  0  0
    40285  2  6  0  0  0  2 63  0  70  55  55  60  65  55  55  65  50  60  70  65  65  90  6  5  5  5  5  0  1
    50191  6  6  0  1  0  2 40  1  50  40  80  60  60  80  70  50  70   0  20  90  70  70  6  2  2  6  4  0  2

The variables, in order, are:

    RESPONDENT ID      = unique 8 digit number
    PARTY ID           = 0 to 6 -- 0 = Strong Democrat
                                   1 = Weak Democrat
                                   2 = Lean Democrat
                                   3 = Independent
                                   4 = Lean Republican
                                   5 = Weak Republican
                                   6 = Strong Republican
    FAMILY INCOME      = 1 to 22 - 1.   A. NONE OR LESS THAN $4,999
                                   2.   B. $5,000-$9,999
                                   3.   C. $10,000-$14,999
                                   4.   D. $15,000-$24,999
                                   5.   E. $25,000-$34,999
                                   6.   F. $35,000-$49,999
                                   7.   G. $50,000-$64,999
                                   8.   H. $65,000-$74,999
                                   9.   J. $75,000-$84,999
                                   10.  K. $85,000-$94,999
                                   11.  M. $95,000-$104,999
                                   12.  N. $105,000-$114,999
                                   13.  P. $115,000-$124,999
                                   14.  Q. $125,000-$134,999
                                   15.  R. $135,000-$144,999
                                   16.  S. $145,000-$154,999
                                   17.  T. $155,000-$164,999
                                   18.  U. $165,000-$174,999
                                   19.  V. $175,000-$184,999
                                   20.  W. $185,000-$194,999
                                   21.  X. $195,000-$199,999
                                   22.  Y. $200,000 and over
                            
    RACE               = 0 White, 1 Black
    SEX                = 0 Man, 1 Woman
    SOUTH              = 0 North, 1 South
    EDUCATION          = 1 High School or less, 2 Some College, 3 College
    AGE                = In Years
    MARRIED            = 0 Single, 1 Married

    FEELING THERMOMETERS   (0 TO 100)

                       = CLINTON  
                       = GORE     
                       = BUSH     
                       = BUCHANAN 
                       = NADER    
                       = MCCAIN   
                       = BRADLEY  
                       = LIEBERMAN
                       = CHENEY   
                       = HILLARY CLINTON
                       = DEMOCRATIC PARTY
                       = REPUBLICAN PARTY
                       = REFORM PARTY
                       = PARTIES IN GENERAL
    
    LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE  SCALE  (1=EXTREMELY LIBERAL, 2=LIBERAL, 3=SLIGHTLY LIBERAL,
                             4=MODERATE; MIDDLE OF THE ROAD, 5=SLIGHTLY CONSERVATIVE,
                             6=CONSERVATIVE, 7=EXTREMELY CONSERVATIVE)


                       = SELF-PLACEMENT
                       = CLINTON
                       = GORE
                       = BUSH
                       = BUCHANAN

    PRE-POST INTERVIEW = 1 IF PRE-ELECTION INTERVIEW ONLY
    VOTE CHOICE        = 0 NON-VOTER
                       = 1 GORE
                       = 2 BUSH
                       = 3 3RD PARTY
  6. 2004 Election Study

    1. Aldrich-McKelvey Analysis of 2004 Liberal-Conservative Seven Point Scale

      2004 Liberal-Conservative Control Card File
      ELEC2004_CLASS_2007.DAT -- 2004 Election Data

      The format statement I used to read the data file is:
        100 FORMAT(31X,2I4,28X,I1,37X,A2,3I2,411X,14I3,113X,I2,2X,5I1,28X,I1,
     C       19X,I2,5I1,I2,5I1,5X,I2,5I1,I2,5I1,33X,I2,5I1,61X,I2,6X,I1,
     C       120X,I2,7X,I2,687X,I1,20X,I1,63X,33I3)
      The format statement I used to write the data file is:
        200 FORMAT(1X,2I4,1X,I1,1X,A2,4I2,1X,14I3,1X,I2,5I1,1X,I1,1X,
     C       I2,5I1,I2,5I1,I2,5I1,I2,5I1,I2,5I1,1X,I2,1X,I1,1X,
     C       I2,1X,I2,1X,I1,1X,I1,1X,33I3)
      The variables in the file are:
       I4 2004 Pre Case ID"      
 I4 2004 Post Case ID"
 I1 sex                              (1=Man, 2=Woman)
 A2 Postal abbreviation of state
 I2 FIPS state code
 I2 ICPSR state code
 I2 South/Non-South (1=Southern State, 0=Non-Southern State)
 I2 Congressional District number
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: GW Bush"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: John Kerry"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Nader"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Cheney"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: John Edwards"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Laura Bush"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Hillary Clinton"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Bill Clinton"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Colin Powell"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: John Ashcroft"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: John McCain"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Democratic party"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Republican party"
 I3 Feeling Thermometer: Ronald Reagan"
 I2 Liberal/conservative self-placement -7-point scale"
 I1 Liberal/conservative Placement - GW Bush"
 I1 Liberal/conservative Placement - Kerry"
 I1 Liberal/conservative Placement - Nader"
 I1 Liberal/conservative Placement - Dem Party"
 I1 Liberal/conservative Placement - Rep party"
 I1 Party ID (0=Strong Democrat -- 6=Strong Republican)   {end of first line of format statement}
 I2 Spending and Services - 7-point scale self-placement" C  GOVT SHOULD PROVIDE MANY FEWER SERVICES -- GOVT SHOULD PROVIDE MANY MORE SERVICES
 I1 Importance of spending/services issue to R"
 I1 Spending and Services Placement: GW Bush"
 I1 Spending and Services Placement: Kerry"
 I1 Spending and Services Placement: Dem party"
 I1 Spending and Services Placement: Rep party"
 I2 Defense spending - 7-point scale self-placement"  C  GOVT SHOULD DECREASE DEFENSE SPENDING -- GOVT SHOULD INCREASE DEFENSE SPENDING
 I1 Importance of defense spending issue to R"
 I1 Defense spending scale: GW Bush placement"
 I1 Defense spending scale: Kerry placement"
 I1 Defense spending scale: Dem party placement"
 I1 Defense spending scale: Rep party placement"
 I2 Job and Good Standard of Living -scale self-placement"  C  GOVT SHOULD SEE TO JOBS AND STANDARD OF LIVING -- GOVT SHOULD LET EACH PERSON GET AHEAD ON OWN
 I1 Importance of guaranteed jobs/standard living issue"
 I1 Job and Good Standard of Living - GW Bush placement"
 I1 Job and Good Standard of Living - Kerry placement"
 I1 Job and Good Standard of Living - Dem party placement"
 I1 Job and Good Standard of Living - Rep party placement"
 I2 Government assistance to blacks-7 point scale self-pl"  C  GOVT SHOULD HELP BLACKS -- BLACKS SHOULD HELP THEMSELVES
 I1 Importance of aid to blacks issue to R"
 I1 Aid to blacks Placement: GW Bush"
 I1 Aid to blacks Placement: Kerry"
 I1 Aid to blacks Placement: Dem party"
 I1 Aid to blacks Placement: Rep party"
 I2 Women's role - 7-point scale self-placement"  C  WOMEN AND MEN SHOULD HAVE EQUAL ROLES -- A WOMAN'S PLACE IS IN THE HOME
 I1 How important is the issue of women's equal role"
 I1 Women's role - GW Bush placement"
 I1 Women's role - Kerry placement"
 I1 Women's role - Dem party placement"
 I1 Women's role - Rep party placement"
 I2 Age (18 - 90, 00, 98, 99 missing)
 I1 Education (1=1-8, 2=9-11, 3=HS, 4=SC, 5=2YR degree, 6=BA, 7=Advanced, 0,8,9=Missing)  {end of 2nd line of format statement}
 I2 Income --  01.  None or less than $2,999
               02.   $3,000 - $4,999 
               03.   $5,000 - $6,999 
               04.   $7,000 - $8,999 
               05.   $9,000 - 10,999
               06.  $11,000- $12,999
               07.  $13,000- $14,999
               08.  $15,000- $16,999
               09.  $17,000- $19,999
               10.  $20,000- $21,999
               11.  $22,000- $24,999
               12.  $25,000- $29,999
               13.  $30,000- $34,999
               14.  $35,000- $39,999
               15.  $40,000- $44,999
               16.  $45,000- $49,999
               17.  $50,000- $59,999
               18.  $60,000- $69,999
               19.  $70,000- $79,999
               20.  $80,000- $89,999
               21.  $90,000-$104,999
               22. $105,000-$119,000
               23. $120,000 and over 
               00 and > 24 missing
I2  Race  10=Black (12,13,14,15, mixed Race)
          20=Asian (23,24,25, mixed Race)
          30=Native American (34,35, mixed Race)
          40=Hispanic (45, mixed Race)
          50=White
          70=Other
          88, 89, and all else missing
I1  Voted?? (1=Voter, 2=Nonvoter Registered, 3=Nonvoter not Registered)
            0,4,5,6,7,8,9 Missing
I1  Who Voted For (1=Kerry, 3=Bush, 5=Nader, 7,8,9,0=Missing)
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Hispanics (Hispanic-Americans)"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Christian Fundamentalists"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Catholics"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Feminists"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Federal Government in Washington"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Jews"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Liberals"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - middle class people"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Labor Unions"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Poor people"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: The Military"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Big Business"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: People on welfare"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Conservatives"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: working class people"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Older people (the elderly)"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: environmentalists"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: U.S. Supreme Court"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Gay Men and Lesbians"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Asian Americans"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Congress"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Blacks"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - Southerners"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - men"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - young people"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - illegal immigrants"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - rich people"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - women"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - business people"
I3  Feeling Thermometer - the Catholic Church"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Whites"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Israel"
I3  Feeling Thermometer: Muslims"  {end of 3rd line of format statement}
      LC2004.CTL looks like this:
      5 1 3 2
(1x,i4,4x,58X,6f1.0)
  0.0  8.0  9.0
BUSH
KERRY
NADER
DEMPTY
REPPTY
indiv
    2. BlackBox (Transpose) Analysis of 2004 Liberal-Conservative Seven Point Scale

      BLACKBOX_TRANSPOSE_NES2004_LC.DAT -- Control Card File for Basic Space Transpose Program (rename to BLACKBOX_TRANSPOSE.DAT)


      BLACKBOX_TRANSPOSE_NES2004_LC.DAT looks like this:
      ELEC2004_CLASS_2007.DAT
DECOMPOSITION OF 2004 LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE 7-POINT SCALE      
    2    5    3     Number Basic Dimensions to Estimate; Number Simuli; Number of Missing Data Values
    0    8    9     Missing Data Values
(1X,I4,4X,59X,5I1)  Format to Read ELEC2004_CLASS_2007.DAT
BUSH
KERRY
NADER
DEMPTY
REPPTY
      BLACKBOX_TRANSPOSE produces three output files: BLACKT23.DAT shows the statistics of the estimation including the overall fit statistics (see "How to Use the Black Box" for an example); BLACKT24.DAT has the n by s matrix Y of coordinates of the stimuli on the basic dimensions with the estimation of the one-dimensional scaling stacked on top of the two-dimensional scaling, and so on, where n is the number of stimuli; and BLACKT28.DAT is the output file containing the m by s matrix W of weights, and c is a vector of constants of length m, where m is the number of respondents.

    3. Unfolding Analysis of 2004 Thermometers

      MLSMU6.EXE -- Metric Unfolding Program
        UNFOLD_ELEC2004.CTL -- Control Card File for Metric Unfolding Program -- Rename this to UNFOLD.CTL!!
        Here is what UNFOLD_ELEC2004.CTL looks like:
        
ELEC2004_CLASS_2007.DAT
   14    2    2   10    0    0
    1    1    0    4    3
    .001  -0.02    2.0     2.0     1.5     0.0   100.0
(1X,4A1,18X,14F3.0)
777888889
BUSH
KERRY
NADER
CHENEY
EDWARDS
LBUSH
HCLINTON
BCLINTON
POWELL
ASHCROFT
MCCAIN
DEMPARTY
REPPARTY
REAGAN
        Run MLSMU6.EXE and get the FORT.22 file. It should look something like this:
          BUSH             0.8395    0.0904  143.8029    0.7938 1206.0000
 KERRY           -0.8458   -0.1105   97.3078    0.7064 1191.0000
 NADER            0.0661   -1.0345  113.3308    0.4341  980.0000
 CHENEY           0.9213    0.1963  113.1749    0.6971 1140.0000
 EDWARDS         -0.7610   -0.1811   98.1149    0.6153 1050.0000
 LBUSH            0.5832    0.0236  124.4988    0.5795 1163.0000
 HCLINTON        -0.7467    0.2587  173.7597    0.6788 1199.0000
 BCLINTON        -0.7000    0.2009  165.1246    0.7122 1201.0000
 POWELL           0.4295   -0.0694  131.6980    0.4189 1146.0000
 ASHCROFT         0.9192    0.1832  110.4639    0.5283  880.0000
 MCCAIN           0.2068   -0.5522  120.2369    0.2059  952.0000
 DEMPARTY        -0.7143    0.0638  104.9413    0.6232 1178.0000
 REPPARTY         0.8382    0.1690   99.2522    0.7099 1175.0000
 REAGAN           0.4458    0.0982  167.1927    0.5139 1179.0000
    1             0.3104    0.4809    2.8357    0.2346   10.0000
    2            -0.3240   -0.0737    0.1357    0.8775   12.0000
    3             0.4764   -0.0300    1.2478    0.6949   14.0000
    4            -0.1122    0.0961    2.0479    0.1886   12.0000
    5             0.9288   -0.0233    0.8175    0.9325   14.0000
    6             0.0950   -0.9896    2.9318    0.4070   14.0000
    7             0.6283   -0.3523    0.6773    0.8000   14.0000
    8            -0.2821   -0.0468    1.9598    0.4556   14.0000
        etc etc etc
 1199             0.3730    0.4604    0.6818    0.6601   10.0000
 1200            -0.7644   -0.1435    2.4428    0.6588   14.0000
 1201             0.1755   -0.2540    1.6449    0.2266   14.0000
 1202             0.4377    0.3387    1.0074    0.7127   14.0000
 1203             0.2686   -0.2037    1.8730    0.4177   14.0000
 1204             0.0097    0.0557    0.3978    0.7199   13.0000
 1205             0.3809    0.6947    4.8357    0.3221   14.0000
 1206            -0.8871    0.1691    2.4404    0.7014   14.0000
 1207            -0.1712    0.5016    1.2004    0.4825   14.0000
 1208            -0.8464    0.7091    1.4672    0.6645   14.0000
 1209             0.1076    0.2542    2.0291    0.0559   11.0000
 1210             0.5555    0.6831    1.1999    0.6638   14.0000
 1211             0.7287   -0.2093    1.1761    0.8419   14.0000
 1212             0.1481   -0.2675    1.0090    0.3703   11.0000
 1213             0.1815    0.1990    2.0853    0.6266   14.0000